Keeping these exotic pets is ‘cruel’ and ‘dangerous,’ Canadian animal advocates say

By Christl Dabu

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    TORONTO (CTV Network) — Canadian pet owners are finding companionship beyond dogs and cats. Tigers, alligators, scorpions and tarantulas are among some of the exotic pets they are keeping in private homes in Canada, which pose risks to public safety and animal welfare, advocates say as they push for stronger and consistent regulations across the country.

“There is a misguided notion that wild animals can be tamed as pets,” Kelly Butler, wildlife campaign manager with Humane Society International Canada in Montreal, said in a video interview with CTVNews.ca. “It’s very cruel to the animal. It’s dangerous to the owner. … So this leads to dangers for both animals and the people, because the keeping of exotic pets is inconsistently regulated and largely unmonitored across the country.”

Advocates define exotic pets as animals that live in captivity outside their countries of origin.

Butler says her organization works with many partner shelters that see exotic species of all sizes surrendered to their facilities or rehomed in sanctuaries. “They ultimately do have complex biological needs, which make them incredibly difficult to keep as pets.”

CTVNews.ca spoke with Butler and other advocates about the types of exotic animals that people keep as pets, and concerns around the safety of both the animals and humans.

Anna-Lee Fitzsimmons, director of public relations with Calgary Humane Society, says the shelter has taken in a growing number of exotic species over the past four years. In her city, she has seen exotic pets including sugar gliders, bearded dragons, piranhas, Chinese water dragons, waterfowl, turtles, iguanas, parrots and many pot-bellied pigs.

The pet trade is one of the main reasons people import hundreds of thousands of wild animals every year in Canada, said Michèle Hamers, wildlife campaign manager for World Animal Protection in Toronto. “We know we have some major breeders that breed these animals that export them. We have wholesalers. So it’s a massive, massive industry that is growing and it’s completely unregulated.”

Canadians own all sorts of exotic pets, Butler said, including large venomous snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, tigers, lions, scorpions and tarantulas. Venomous snakes and wild cats are among the animals that cause the greatest concern, namely for safety, she said.

Most provinces have prohibited the private ownership of large animals such as lions and tigers, but not Manitoba and Ontario, Hamers said.

However, Hamers said she has seen people shift from owning big exotic animals to smaller ones like servals or African wildcats, which has become a problem in British Columbia, New Brunswick and Quebec.

Butler is calling for a better framework that uses a “positive list” of exotic pets people can keep because of the large number of species and hybrids that exist. “The current way it sits is that anything that’s not explicitly banned is legal de facto, which is why we have so many different species unsuited to captivity being kept as exotic pets across Canada.”

Instead of banning exotic animals, potential owners should meet criteria in order to keep a certain animal as a pet, Hamers proposes.

Due to a lack of regulation, the number of exotic pets is difficult to estimate in Canada, Butler said.

Regulations vary from province to province and from municipality to municipality.

“You have municipalities which have prohibitions on certain exotic animals and some that have none,” Toronto Zoo CEO Dolf DeJong said in a video interview with CTVNews.ca. “So that means often smaller municipalities are placed in an incredibly challenging position to address significant issues without the tools, resources or experience to deal with it.”

Butler said this patchwork of regulations, and the lack of a federal standard, effectively creates “legal holes where people can have pretty much any wild animal other than a few that are explicitly outlawed as an exotic pet.”

Federally, Bill S-15 seeks to ban the new ownership of elephants and great apes, including chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans, in Canada, except in cases involving conservation, the animal’s welfare and scientific research. The bill cited concerns these animals could suffer health and behavioural problems from living in “unsuitable conditions.”

The government also announced in a news release in November 2023 that it will “engage with provinces, territories, and stakeholders to discuss the potential value of a national approach to protecting animal welfare and public safety for captive wildlife.”

Alongside other animal protection organizations, Humane Society International Canada is advocating to add non-native big cats, such as lions and tigers, to the legislation in order to outlaw the private ownership of these species, Butler said. “We’re also advocating for this legislation to include a framework to add other species in the future, which would also help to further reduce the number of exotic pets suffering in captivity in Canada.”

Due to their more complex needs, at least compared to cats and dogs, exotic animals aren’t suitable as pets and it can be difficult to tell if they are being neglected, Butler said.

“All of these exotic animals are more likely to suffer from poor welfare,” she said. “And they also usually have less protections than cats and dogs because their neglect may not necessarily be covered by the provincial laws that protect companion animals.”

Hamers said most provinces have created regulations to determine which animals can or cannot be kept as pets. She said her organization is pushing for Ontario to require licensing from roadside zoos, which she said lack the expertise and conditions to properly care for the animals.

The internet has also allowed the industry to grow, she said, adding that she has noticed many exotic animals for sale on classifieds site Kijiji.

“It’s so easy to acquire an animal,” she explained in a video interview with CTVNews.ca. “And there is very limited scrutiny at the borders to prevent animals that might be illegal from coming in. So it’s a mess (and) it needs to be addressed.”

Another concern in Canada is what Butler calls the illegal wildlife trade involving breeders and alleged smugglers.

Since 1975, Canada has followed the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, an agreement between countries to protect animals and plants using a permit system, Environment and Climate Change Canada spokesperson Brandon Clim said in an email to CTVNews.ca. Through its own legislation following the convention, Canada prohibited the import and export of protected animals and plants, except where a permit allows it.

Fitzsimmons encourages those considering owning an exotic pet to first check with their local humane society to see if one is available for adoption. Those who plan to buy an exotic pet should do so through a reputable breeder who works with specialized veterinarians, she said. Also ask for references from other customers and visit the breeding facility to check if the animals are being kept in humane settings.

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